Global higher education is entering a new accountability phase. Evidence from the OECD signals “learning reversals” when AI is used without structured pedagogical design, while institutions integrating AI as a guided learning partner are reporting stronger retention and engagement. At the same time, the rapid rise of the Chief AI Officer reflects a shift from experimentation to executive-level governance. The central question is no longer access to AI, but whether institutions can convert AI usage into durable intellectual fluency backed by auditable oversight.